Dr Tucker 2 – remission

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You’re listening to the Cornwall Cancer Cafe podcast with me Matthew and me Emma. Thanks to

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the National Lottery Community Fund for supporting this podcast. So this week we are, well first of

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all before we do anything I think it’s important that we make one of our announcements isn’t it?

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It’s an announcement about our expertise because actually I don’t have any expertise.

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I don’t have any medical ones no so. Okay let’s clarify that yeah I do have

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expertises but nothing to do with medical or psychological. Yeah same same definitely yeah

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so we don’t have we’re not qualified doctors nurses we don’t have any medical qualifications

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whatsoever we are just working on our experience of living with cancer.

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It’s important to also say that we do like to bring you people who do have that

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education that training that experience of working with patients and all the qualifications

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and we are back with a very good one it is Dr David Tucker this week and he’s such a lovely

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guy isn’t he? He’s so lovely and he’s so generous with his time as well so we’re very

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grateful to him. Okay so we had some people talking about well we should we should be

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doing interviews about remission and side effects and things like that so for this one

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we’ve been talking to David Tucker about you know what is remission what does it mean?

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Also we get onto secondary cancers talking about those because that sort of leads on from

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what is remission as well and also we move on to side effects which are very important to

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discuss so let’s get into this conversation with Dr David Tucker. So what I would say is that first

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first caveat is I’m a lymphoma and leukemia doctor so I can’t speak directly for some

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cancers that I don’t treat but remission generally means that we can no longer

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detect the disease the cancer at a certain level now you there are different types of

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remission and there are different levels of remission so remission essentially means the

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is controlled and no longer detectable that’s complete remission so that’s when we can’t see

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it anymore either on a scan or down the microscope if it’s a bone marrow or a leukemia

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type. I’ve seen complete metabolic remission that’s an extra word in there that I struggled

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with to understand. So complete metabolic remission is a deeper form of complete remission

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when we use what’s called a functional imaging so that’s when we use imaging which looks at

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tissue and body tissue and whether or not it is active on a scan and if it’s not active it’s

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called a complete metabolic remission. One way of looking at remission is a little bit like

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zooming in further and further down a telescope so maybe you can see from outer space what the

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looks like but you can’t see everything on it on it as you zoom in further and further

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you get to see the real detail and if you can it’s a bit like that with cancer

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you can do a very simple scan for example like a CT scan a plain CT scan and not find any

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evidence of cancer that will be a complete radiological remission as your imaging gets

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more detailed that resolution improves and you can see less more and more cells and if you can see

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no cells that have got cancer then it becomes a complete metabolic remission and then on top of

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that when you’re analyzing the cells down a microscope or through an analyzer you can tell

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at a genetic level or at it at a DNA level whether there’s any detectable residual disease

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that’s a whole other level of resolution so the word remission is it has nuance so it depends a

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little bit on what you’re talking about and at what level of analysis you’re doing but basically

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it means we’ve got control of the disease and we can’t see the disease at that particular

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level so complete metabolic remission is to do with PET scans and then there are other forms

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of remission but you can have partial remission which is where we’ve got control we can still

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see some evidence but it’s responded really well and sometimes that’s as good as you get

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with some forms of cancer you don’t fully get it to complete remission or you can have

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absolute you know no detectable disease and that’s obviously what we strive for but it’s

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not always possible in some forms of cancer so we have to bear that in mind and sometimes

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it’s not the goal so remission is a really tricky and complex word and it really depends on

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what you’re looking at we don’t tend not to use the word cure in cancer because we

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sometimes cancer can come back years and years later or as a matter of four months or very

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quickly yeah so 11 months yeah so sometimes people say well you know how long do I have

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to be in remission before you’re going to say that I’m cured and that’s where cancer

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doctors are often quite reluctant to say that word there’s this cancer-free this concept of

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oh you know I haven’t had cancer for five years I’m cancer-free yeah and that’s refers

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to when we do clinical trials you the five-year rule tends to come from the clinical

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trials tend to stop their follow-up at five years and so we often will sometimes follow

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patients up for a number of years and then after a number of years if it hasn’t come back

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we’ll say you’re in a good remission the chances are it’s not going to come back

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it might always I mean I’ve seen cancer come back 18 years after we discharged somebody but

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you can say with some degree of certainty that you’re in a good remission and you’re yes you’re

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cancer-free but we always encourage patients to even when we discharge them to have that

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support where they can get back in touch with us if something changes because sometimes things

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do of course there’s always the worry in the patient’s head and you hear about it of

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secondary cancers yeah so you know secondary cancers are a complication not just of having

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treatment but actually having some forms of cancer increases the risk of having another cancer

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so some leukemias and lymphomas they reduce the immune system a bit and your immune system

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is key in watching for cancer so secondary cancers just having a primary hematological

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for example can increase your risk of secondary cancers so we would always encourage patients to

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use all of the sort of sun creams and watch out for skin things get them seen get them

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because they can be a secondary thing and some of the treatments we use they are really good

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at getting rid of that initial cancer but they are often they often do cause some damage to

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dna and i suppose from the scans you know pet scans with bits of old nuclear submarine

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yeah

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you know so pet scanning does that was a joke sorry it was a joke but they do have radiation

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with with with scans the the link between it causing cancer is not actually that well

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established because it’s often confounded by the fact that the patients have other treatments

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and what cause you know so we don’t tend to make a direct link but we are conscious of

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fact that scans certainly x-ray based scans do have some radiation in them we try to spare

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patients scans that are not necessary that’s one of the reasons we don’t do much surveillance

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scanning with our low-grade lymphomas for example not not for everything but yeah we

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secondary malignancies is a is a late what we call a late effect and it can occur

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together with other things like infertility and and other late effects that that patients might

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want to know about and talk about yeah so you’ve sort of moved on to the the next bit

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that i was going to ask about which is the side effect so it’s the side effects of having

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the cancer but also the side effects of the treatment and the side effects don’t just happen

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whilst you’re having the treatment they can carry on after your treatments finished and

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also change obviously that’s quite difficult to deal with as a patient but i suppose you

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you probably are used to seeing this sort of thing and can maybe help the patient by

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saying this is normal we would expect this but the patient’s still got to deal with it

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no that’s true i mean when we talk about side effects with treatment we usually talk about

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early sort of medium term and then long term side effects so the early side effects they vary

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very much between treatments but those are sorts of things that you would want to discuss with

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your consultant or your nurse specialist the medium term ones again they can be different and

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then you’re right the long-term ones can be different for each patient sometimes and

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sometimes we have to accept an element of there’s going to be some side effects but we

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need to we need to go with it because we need to get control of what can be a really aggressive

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disease other times we say well actually maybe if there are things like frailty and other organ

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problems or other diagnosis which means that we can’t deliver the most intensive treatment

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because we know that the side effects would be too much for the body and so we have to tailor

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our treatments accordingly i know that you do a lot of checks beforehand to make sure that the

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patient can take the treatment you know such as checking on the heart and the lungs and the

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kidneys and all of those things so there are certain drugs that we know have risks to

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certain organs and so we have protocols where if we’re giving a certain drug which we know

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might have a heart complication we would want to check the heart function beforehand kidneys

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likewise some of the troublesome things that people often report are things like peripheral

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neuropathy so nerve pain after treatment that’s that can be quite common it often gets better

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but sometimes it doesn’t i mean i had a lot of neuropathy in my fingers i could barely play

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guitar i can’t really play guitar anyway can i and i couldn’t feel the guitar and i was

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worried about the fingernails breaking as well things like that so that was one end of it and

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then you had i had the um the neuropathy in the feet and um where the hands have got better

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the balls of the feet i still feel that neuropathy yeah and that’s very common and that’s to do

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with the length of the nerves uh to a degree so the longer the the nerve along with the

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wire um the more um likely you are to get some nerve um damage if you’ve got certain

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drugs that can cause that nerves get better really slowly they grow back at the same pace

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that a tree grows roughly so um they they can be damaged and it can be and it can be really

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troublesome and we’re getting better at reducing that with our newer drugs but um it can be a

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real um pain for want of a better word well and uh for the ladies i suppose not so much

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is a problem for the men i don’t think but losing the hair uh is another big thing because

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um some men look good balls you know um well and you’ve must have met some people along the

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way who’ve had these yeah i have um so it i my treatment didn’t affect me like that

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um but i’ve been to lots of groups and i went to a group called look look good feel better

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and there were some ladies in there that were wearing head scarves and they’d lost all of

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their hair so they’d lost their eyebrows and their eyelashes and that can be really

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challenging as a lady but the all of the ladies that i’ve met along the way have almost sort of

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like taking it as a right what can i do differently and they’ve chosen to wear bright

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head scarves or they’ve gone and got a really nice wig i mean it’s it’s absolutely

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devastating that they’ve lost their hair but i haven’t met anybody who’s gone who’s been

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about it um two of the ladies i’ve spoken to have talked about how their hair has grown back

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differently to how it was before and one lady was very upset that her hair was dead straight

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before and now it’s not and she said this doesn’t feel like my hair anymore um but hey

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she’s she’s had treatment so there’s that side of it because um that was one of the

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things i was i was going to talk about was um the the sort of permanent change to your

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physical how you were before and how you are after and we often talk about before cancer and

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after cancer and how you’re a different person once once you’ve had that cancer diagnosis you

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but you’re a different person from that point onwards yeah yeah i think you’re absolutely

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right and uh hair loss and and your your hair is is part of your identity and particularly

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for some you know people um it’s really important and um we and some of the things

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we think well it’s not that bad you know it’s just you know yeah but that can be a lot to

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somebody and um and your physical appearance is obviously important so um we we sometimes need to

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remember that i think um when we’re talking about um side effects the other thing i suppose

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is um we haven’t touched on but fertility and menopause i was just about to ask this

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because i mean this is something which i find very difficult after the amount of treatment

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i’ve had that before i was you know as far as i was concerned a fully functional man

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but now i libido is dead absolutely dead and it makes me feel like a different completely

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different person the way i relate with the world yeah and we often underestimate that i

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think as as doctors but we need to be make make sure that we remain aware of it there

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things that you gp that gps can help with on that front but um early menopause um is also

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a big issue with some drug combinations not with everything and fertility isn’t always

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um affected by treatment so that’s a conversation to have um i have been

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once a patient came in to see me um in his he was in his 50s and i think he had a

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younger wife and he was furious he said one of your um predecessors told me that i would be

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infertile and now my wife’s pregnant and sorry sorry i shouldn’t laugh a survey in sweden i

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think it was we showed that um patients who’d had hodgkin lymphoma in their 20s they had

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more children in their 30s than their matched counterparts so whether they had made different

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life choices having been through cancer and had their priorities changed but we do have to be

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careful not everything is is associated with infertility but it’s something for us to think

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about and and menopause and as a cancer doctor i’m not a good um person to talk about

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menopause and things like that so i would refer that to my gp colleagues but it’s

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that we should know about yeah i had to have a catheter which i called clarence clear water

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you sit and think how am i going to cope after surgery when i was diagnosed i really

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just didn’t have anywhere to go with my feelings i think it’s about giving them support

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and knowing that whatever their situation is there is always someone there visit our website

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www.cancercafepodcast.org chemo brain brain fog yeah no that comes up a lot um patients not

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um being able to remember remember things i don’t know that i’ve got a very um sensible or

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rational explanation for it i don’t think anyone has it’s so everyone seems to have

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different opinions yeah uh we don’t yeah we don’t have um because it’s it’s so difficult

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an organ to study but um it’s definitely a thing yeah we we do we do see it and we do hear about

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it um something to discuss um but um i don’t know that i’m going to be able to i don’t have

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a fix for that one i’m afraid i wonder whether it’s linked to the trauma of everything as well

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the way the body and the brain’s trying to deal with hearing the word cancer and then

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going through the treatment you know it’s trauma there’s a lot of chemicals going through

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the body as well there are and we don’t we we know a lot about those chemicals from the

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from the trials so but we’re always encouraged to report things um that might be um weird

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and wonderful side effects so um i would always encourage patients to to report

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to report back on the onto us i mean during treat pre-treatment during treatment fatigue is

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a big issue but then after treatment it’s surprising how long the tiredness element

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goes on for yeah and that’s uh again underestimated and um i often tell patients

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that going through treatment fairly intensive treatment is like having major surgery or a

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major trauma in your life and it can take years to recover and as you pointed out

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it never sometimes never you never return to what you were before um you’ve you go through

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a step change in who you are having survived if you’re fortunate enough to go through and

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survive cancer so it’s not um the fatigue is a major um thing that we we have to we have

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to remember and um managing expectations some people say well when will i be able to go back

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and when will i feel back to normal um and that can be really difficult actually because

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it’s very much patient by patient but the fatigue is a real issue i can understand that

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let’s talk about anxiety now and we we have you know mentioned that we’re going to talk

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about scan anxiety as well uh so anxiety is a major issue isn’t it it is and i think

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you don’t always realize that you are dealing with anxiety and i think you probably

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look back and you think my goodness i was anxious through all of that i mean i found

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myself walking around and my my shoulders are up around my ears and i have to think drop your

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shoulders down and when i do that i then realize that i’ve been mulling over something and

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that you know the anxiety is there and it’s not necessarily it’s scan but it’s just you

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just mull over you know what you’ve been what you’ve been through what’s coming up next

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week oh i forgot what i was doing yesterday there’s just so you just don’t stop i think

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at this point i think it’s worth reminding people to signpost uh to services at macmillan at the

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cove they have psychological team there to help you and is it something that the consultant

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can refer yeah i mean we we have um direct referral into the cove and to our psychology

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support services so we would encourage patients and if not us then the clinical nurse specialist

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can refer you so um definitely take that up we’re not that good at dealing with

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those long-term anxieties we just don’t have the you know they may not have the skill set and

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also it is it’s it’s impossible not to be anxious i think you know you’ve got had a

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diagnosis a very difficult diagnosis i can’t say you know everything’s going to be fine

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all the time it’s just impossible so there is a level of anxiety that we have to learn to

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cope with learn to live with um and your what you’re talking about these support these

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measures are really important in that um i think um yeah that would be something i would say right

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let’s go through some more i was just going to mention the scans i attained because that was

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something that i think uh we were going to ask you about so as a patient you have a scan and

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then you’re waiting waiting waiting as a consultant you’re working in the background

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with the team do you want to talk us through that yeah you’re absolutely right so there’s

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a delay between tests and results um or either at diagnosis when you have those initial biopsies

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or your scans or um after you know you finish treatment and it’s not that nothing’s happening

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during that time but they have to for example biopsies have to be processed in the lab and

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then they have to be read by a histologist and that can take um a few days to a couple of

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and sometimes the results are not um completely conclusive so there’s things happening in the

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background the report has to be made by for a scan so there’s often a delay of uh of some

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time that can be really difficult and we we appreciate that um try to um make sure that

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you schedule your appointments um you know the week or or so after you’ve had that so that

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that in time for you for you for your thing but the scans iot is a real thing um we try

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not to scan too much when patients are in complete remission it depends a bit on the

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type of type of cancer and some cancers need surveillance scanning but for lymphoma for

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example um surveillance scanning is not something that we do um because in the uk

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because it’s not been shown to add anything to just clinical reporting how are you um how

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you feel um and being examined in in in clinic but anxiety scans iot is a real is a real issue

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we try to minimize it but it’s not because things aren’t happening in the background

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okay let’s uh go through a few more because we’ve we’re running out of time we’re getting

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so much going through so many things okay so uh we’re looking now at appetite and nausea

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i remember recovering from stem cell transplant being on low and wards during uh watching oh yes

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i was i was watching elton john uh at glastonbury in the hotel hospital room and uh you were in

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the hotel room yeah in my head it was a hotel room in the hospital room i was watching and

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i think during every song on elton john’s list i vomited and that was nothing to do

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elton john i’m sure it wasn’t but you know nausea appetite for a big thing yeah so nausea

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is a i mean is a common side effect of the medications that we put people on there is a

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sort of a biological reason for that the body does not like having poisons put into it and

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it the kind of primitive reflex is to vomit because um you know when we were you know

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scavenging on planes and things if we ate something that was bad um it it included toxins

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and that would make the body vomit it up so we’re putting poison sometimes poisonous things in

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you know that we’re to treat the patient and that can cause the patient to feel sick

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sorry emma you’re looking at me strangely oh yeah i was just thinking oh they poisoned you

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well i mean i know that’s a frivolous thing to say but these drugs they do have

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effects and nausea is a is a key one we’ve got better at dealing with nausea it used to be a

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real problem with almost everything we gave and there are drugs that you give as well

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and so now there are really good anti-sickness drugs which are sometimes called anti-emetics

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which can deal with a lot of nausea but we sometimes can’t escape particularly when what you

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went through with that with a transplant which is one of the most intensive things

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we can do you don’t need to tell me that um that that is um that is often a nausea

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inducing thing um i mean in hospital we can give syringe drivers for nausea and pumps and things

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out of hospital there’s tablets and and things but um and and then and there’s the the

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appetite thing people’s taste changes you know oh i don’t like chocolate at the moment

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things like that yeah you’re absolutely right so i don’t know if that’s something that

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you’ve both experienced but the taste is uh no okay no i’ve been absolutely fine

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no changes oh i still enjoy chocolate and it does vary um and one of the things that sometimes we

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um again um if if particularly in women if they’ve had morning sickness um during

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pregnancies they’re often more nausea they often have more nausea when they have

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chemotherapy for some reason we don’t for which we don’t understand understand some

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people tend seem to be able to eat their way through their treatment and not have an issue

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other people could go completely off their food thank you very much david that’s a pleasure

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thank you share this podcast on your social media so others may benefit so another great

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chat with dr david tucker there in his office and we weren’t there in a consultant’s room

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dealing with ourselves which was actually quite nice it was very refreshing wasn’t it actually

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going to the hospital not to have a medical appointment but to talk to someone with so

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much knowledge and um the the um emotional intelligence that goes with it i mean what an

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of people who go through whether it’s oncology hematology any of those units

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yeah i mean i don’t i don’t think we recorded the bit with him when i asked him what excites

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him um but he was talking about how um the oh well he gets really excited about research

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doesn’t yeah research and and when cancer moves forward another step but he sort of he’s on the

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already researched it and he goes to all the webinars and he reads all of the documentation

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to go with it so that’s what really excites him and that just makes him the best person

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to do the job that he’s doing well good news we have another recording date booked with him

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and that is exactly what we’re going to be talking about in one of the upcoming podcasts

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i asked him what would you like to talk about and lo and behold he sent a list

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he was very well prepared actually when we went to speak to him wasn’t he oh yes he he had

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everything mapped out and i thought i was well prepared and making a list but his was even

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more in depth it was and it was all bullet pointed it was excellent he was so keen

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to do such a great job for us and then to offer to do more for us i mean it’s amazing because

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um as as someone going through cancer i think if you hear from um a consultant who’s actually

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explaining where they’re coming from what makes them tick um how it how it is from their end um

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i think he’s going to explain about what happens in the background um it’s all useful

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information that as a cancer patient you’re just in your head going through your journey

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but of course outside of your outside of your journey there is there’s so many other things

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happening and i think it sometimes helps to know what those other things are well we better

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leave that for then and we’re coming to the end of this podcast and we haven’t given anyone

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a hug yet oh no well here we go so from us we’re going to send you a big hug because

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when you give a hug you get a hug well thank you so much that was wonderfully done am i i am

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going to do that song using one of those one day and you’re going to hate me for it

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so we will be with you again next week just look after yourselves yep take care bye

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here to support you the Cornwall Cancer Cafe podcast thanks to the National Lottery

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Community Fund for supporting this podcast